Hinge-mortising machine.



No. 699,335. Patented May 6, I902.

.1. A. MACKENZIE. HINGE MORTISING MACHINE.

(Application filed July 30, 1901.) v (No Model.) 2 Shbets-$heet I.

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No. 699,335. Patented May 6, I902.

.1. A. MACKENZIE.

HINGE MURTISING MACHINE.

' (Application filed July 30, 1901.)

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HlNGE ll/IORTISING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 699,335, dated May 6, 1902. Application filed July 30, 1901. Serial No. 70,206. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J AMES A. llIACKENZIE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hinge-Mortising Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the class of machines or tools for cutting gains or mortises extending in from the edge of the piece to receive the leaves of hinges, and particularly to that species of this class whereby the gain or mortise is formed practically at one operation.

In its general construction the machine comprises a stock in which are mounted the three knives which form the boundary of the mortise or gain and which sink into the wood to the depth of the gain and a sliding knife movable substantially at right angles to the others for taking out the chip or piece to form the gain.

The novel features of the invention will be indicated hereinafter and carefully defined in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the machine or tool, the plane of the section being indicated by line 00' in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the machine, broken away at the left to show one of the movable end knives. Fig. 3 is an under side view, and Fig. 4 a plan, of the machine. Fig. 5 is a detail front view of the bearing-screw 7.

1 designates the stock'of the machine, which may be of cast metal, as brass. In the hollow of the stock is a clamp-block 2, slightly beveled on its clamping-face to fit up to the face of the back or side knife 3 and clamp it tightly up to the front plate of the stock. This knife 3 cuts with the grain in forming gains in wood and is fixed immovably in the stock. The end knives 1 i, which cut across the grain of the wood, are mounted to slide up and down in guides 5 in the stock, being fitted accurately in said guides, so as to allow no lateral play, and each end knife has a suitable head 4, adapted to receive a blow from a hammer or mallet in driving in the knife. In order that one of the knives 4 may be made when it is driven to lift and free the other, the two knives are loosely coupled together by a lever G, fulcrumed in the head of a bearing-screw 7, set in the top of the stock. As

herein shown, the lever 6 is in the nature of a rod having a head at one end and nut at the other, so that it may be readily removed, if desired, for adjusting the fulcrum-screw or taking out the end knives for sharpening. In guides at S in a foot or bracket portion of the stock is mounted the sliding knife 9 of the machine for removing the chip, and thus clearing out the gain for the hinge. This knife has on it a rack 10, with which gear pinion-teeth 11 on the shorter arm of an opcrating-lever 12, fulcrumed at 13 in the stock. The pinion-teeth form a segment of a toothed wheel and are concentric with the fulcrum 13. On the rack or the blade of the knife 9 (see Fig. 4) are two shoulders 14, which impinge upon adjustable limiting stops or screws 15 when the knife 9 is driven in. taut, first, in preventing the knife 9 from being driven against the back knife 3 in cuttin g,and thereby dnlling or breaking its edge,

and, second, in bringing it up square at the end of the cut, by reason of the two stops 15 having independent adjustment and being situated at opposite sides of the central line of the knife, where the power is applied through the rack. This feature overcomes any difficulty which might arise from slight lateral looseness of the knife 9 in its guides and from the shortening of the blade of the knife by grinding.

The depth of the gain or mortise is regulated by the means seen best, perhaps, in Fig. 2. The front of the stock has a gain in it producing an inclined shoulder 16, against which is applied the inclined edge of a wedge 17, secured by a slot and screw to the face of the stock. The other inclined edge of the Wedge is applied to the correspondingly-inclined upper edge of a depth-gage 18, slidingly mounted on the stock by means of guide-slots and screws 19. Thus when the gage is properly adjusted and secured by the screws 19 the wedge 17 is pressed in snugly and secured by its screw, thus forming a firm and non-yielding backing for the gage 18, so that it may resist the pressure or blows necessary in sink ing in the knife 3.

These are impori The gage for the width of the gain or mortise is formed of two screws 20, set in sockets 21, which depend from the foot of the stock below the level of the guides 8. These screws enable the width of the gain to be fixed with the greatest accuracy.

The handle 22 is provided witha metal stem 23, which is screwed firmly into the stock.

The operation or mode of using the machine or tool will now be described. Having set the gage 18 for depth and the screws 20 for Width, the tool is set on the piece X in Fig. 1 in such a manner as to bring the gagescrews 20 up against the edge of the piece and also the edge of the side or back knife 3 fairly on the face of the latter. Ablow of a mallet on the handle 22 sinks the knife 3 down into the piece deep enough to bring the gage 18 down fairly on the surface. One of the end knives 4 is now driven in by a blow on its head from a mallet, and this blow is repeated on the other, the latter blow serving to lift and free the first knife driven in. A slight tap on the first end knife now frees the last one driven. It may be stated here that when the lever 6 is horizontal and both end knives are equally depressed their edges will be clear and free from the piece X. The cuts forming the boundary of the gain being new produced or formed, the operator pulls over the lever 12, thus driving in the sliding knife 9 and removing the chip.

Preferably the edge bevels on the knives4 will be on the inside or inner face, so that a square shoulder will be formed in the gain; but this bevel may be on either face or partly on each face.

Ordinarily hinges for pianos, cabinet-work, &c., are of standard lengths, and the spaces in the different sizes of the machines between the end knives 4 will be fixed accurately to suit these standard lengths. The machine or tool may, however, be employed to cut a gain of greater length by two separate operations, the second operation taking out what is required to increase the length of the gain.

One important advantage of my improved machine resides in the slidable mounting of the end knives, so that they can be driven separately from the side knife and from each other. This enables the too1-to be used on hard wood where these knives must cut across the grain. The great leverage provided for operating the knife 9 also adapts the machine for operating in hard wood. The backing of the depth-gage to prevent it from getting out of adjustment is also important and, in fact, essential to accurate work.

Having thus described my, invention, I claim- 1. A machine or tool for the purpose described having a stock, a side knife fixed therein, a depth-gage, end knives slidable in the stock and adapted to be driven, a knife for removing the chip slidably mounted in the stock, means for operating said knife, and a width-gage.

2. A machine or tool for the purpose described having a stock, a side knife fixed therein, a depth-gage, two endknives slidably mounted in the stock, a lever loosely coupling said end knives, whereby one is withdrawn When the other is driven, a knife for removing the chip, and means for operating said knife.

3. A machine or tool for the purpose described, having a stock, two end knives 4, 4, slidably mounted in the stock, a bearingscrew 7 set in the stock between said knives, and a lever 6, having its fulcrum in said screw and coupled at its respective ends to said knives.

4. A machine or tool for the purpose described, having a stock, knives mounted thereon for forming the gain, a depth-gage 18 mounted adjustably on the stock, and a wedge 17, mounted slidably on the stock between said gage and an inclined shoulder on the stock, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A machine or tool for the purpose described, having a stock, a sliding knife 9, mounted in the stock and carrying shoulders 14, adjustable limiting-stops 15 for the said shoulders to impinge upon, and means for operating said knife, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. A machine or tool for the purpose described, having a stock provided with guides 8 for the sliding knife 9, the said knife, sockets 21 below the level of said guides, the screws 20 in said sockets and forming a widtlr gage, and the fixed side knife 3, in the stock, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 26th day of July, 1901, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAMES A. MACKENZIE. 

